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Gerunds, Infinitives & Participles


Gerunds, Infinitives & Participles | Interactive Lesson
GrammarWiki Lesson • Gerunds, Infinitives & Participles

Gerunds, Infinitives & Participles

Sade anlatım, sesli örnekler, anında çözülebilen alıştırmalar ve karma testlerle hazırlanmış interaktif ders materyali.

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Bölüm 1

Genel Giriş: Gerund, Infinitive ve Participle

Gerund, fiilin sonuna -ing getirilerek oluşturulan ve cümlede isim görevi gören yapıdır. Fiil anlamı taşır ama cümlede isim gibi kullanılır.

Exercising regularly helps you keep fit.Düzenli egzersiz yapmak formda kalmana yardımcı olur.
Jerry loves playing tennis.Jerry tenis oynamayı sever.

Infinitive, fiilin başına to getirilerek veya fiilin yalın hâli kullanılarak oluşturulur.

To Infinitive

to + V1

to go, to study, to learn

Bare Infinitive

V1

go, study, learn

We hope to arrive there early in the morning.Sabah erken oraya varmayı umuyoruz.
My parents make me go to bed early on weekdays.Annem ve babam hafta içi erken yatmamı sağlar.

Participle, fiilden türetilen ve cümlede çoğunlukla sıfat ya da zarf görevi gören yapıdır.

YapıFormKullanım
Present ParticipleV-ingaktif anlam / devam eden eylem
Past ParticipleV3edilgen anlam / tamamlanmışlık
Perfect Participlehaving + V3ana fiilden önce gerçekleşen eylem
Bölüm 2

Gerunds

Gerund as Subject

Gerund cümlenin başında özne olarak kullanılabilir. Bu durumda cümlenin konusu bir eylemdir. Gerund özne olduğunda fiil genellikle tekil kullanılır.

Sleeping for a long time might cause a headache.Uzun süre uyumak baş ağrısına neden olabilir.
Living alone is advantageous for several reasons.Yalnız yaşamak birkaç açıdan avantajlıdır.

İki gerund and ile bağlanırsa iki ayrı eylemden söz edildiği için fiil çoğul olabilir.

Travelling and meeting new people are the two things that make me feel happy.Seyahat etmek ve yeni insanlarla tanışmak beni mutlu eden iki şeydir.

Negative Gerund

Gerund yapısını olumsuz yapmak için başına not getirilir.

not + V-ing
Not knowing what to do is a bad thing.Ne yapacağını bilmemek kötü bir şeydir.

Gerund + Possessive

Gerund’dan önce iyelik bildiren yapılar kullanılabilir: my / your / his / her / our / their + V-ing veya isim + ’s + V-ing.

Your criticizing me severely makes me upset.Beni ağır şekilde eleştirmen beni üzüyor.

Gerund after Be

Gerund, be fiilinden sonra özne tamamlayıcısı olarak kullanılabilir.

The most important thing in life is being healthy.Hayattaki en önemli şey sağlıklı olmaktır.

Verb + Gerund

Bazı fiillerden sonra ikinci fiil gelirse bu fiil gerund olur.

Gerund Alan FiillerÖrnek
admitThe suspect admitted breaking into the store.
avoidYoung people should avoid getting involved in street fights.
considerShe often considers moving to another house.
denyThe child denied breaking the window.
enjoyEverybody enjoys sunbathing on a sandy beach.
finishWhen will you finish doing the ironing?
give upYou must never give up struggling against injustice.
imagineCan you imagine living in a world without the Internet?
mindWould you mind helping me with the dishes?
postponeYou always postpone seeing the dentist.
practiseHe practises playing the guitar every day.
quitMy uncle quit smoking a few months ago.
suggestShe suggested playing tennis before dinner.
Bölüm 3

Gerund after Prepositions

İngilizcede bir preposition’dan sonra fiil gelirse, fiil gerund olur.

preposition + V-ing
Young people are fond of playing computer games.Gençler bilgisayar oyunu oynamaya düşkündür.
You can’t achieve success without making any effort.Hiç çaba göstermeden başarı elde edemezsin.

Verb + Preposition + Gerund

YapıÖrnek
accuse somebody ofHe accused me of starting the quarrel.
apologize forHe apologized for insulting me.
believe inI don’t believe in learning a language in a short time.
complain aboutShe is always complaining about having no time.
concentrate onI can’t concentrate on studying.
congratulate somebody onI congratulated Judy on getting a promotion.
depend onA good life depends on making wise choices.
dream of / aboutThey dream of retiring and moving to a peaceful place.
insist onWhy do you insist on wasting your time?
prevent fromExercising prevents you from gaining weight.
succeed inHe succeeded in convincing his friend.
thank somebody forThank you for supporting me.
Bölüm 4

Adjective + Preposition + Gerund / Noun + Preposition + Gerund

Adjective + Preposition + Gerund

Bazı sıfatlar belirli preposition’larla kullanılır. Bu preposition’dan sonra fiil gelirse gerund olur.

adjective + preposition + V-ing
YapıAnlam
afraid of doing somethingbir şeyi yapmaktan korkmak
ashamed of doing somethingbir şeyi yaptığı için utanmak
capable of doing somethingyapabilecek durumda olmak
excited about doing somethingheyecanlı olmak
famous for doing somethingyapmakla ünlü olmak
fed up with doing somethingyapmaktan bıkmış olmak
fond of doing somethingyapmaya düşkün olmak
good / bad at doing somethingyapmakta iyi / kötü olmak
interested in doing somethingyapmakla ilgilenmek
keen on doing somethingyapmaya meraklı olmak
proud of doing somethinggurur duymak
responsible for doing somethingsorumlu olmak
sure of / about doing somethingemin olmak
terrified of doing somethingçok korkmak
tired of doing somethingbıkmak
tired from doing somethingyorgun düşmek
worried about doing somethingendişeli olmak
She is afraid of speaking in public.Topluluk önünde konuşmaktan korkuyor.
My brother is good at organizing trips.Kardeşim gezi düzenlemekte iyidir.

Tired of / Tired from

tired of + V-ing

Bir şeyi yapmaktan bıkmak.

I’m tired of doing the housework every day.

tired from + V-ing

Bir işi yaptığı için fiziksel olarak yorulmak.

I’m tired from working in shifts.

Noun + Preposition + Gerund

YapıAnlam
advantage of doingyapmanın avantajı
danger of doingyapmanın tehlikesi
difficulty in doingyapmakta zorluk
doubt about doingşüphe
interest in doingilgi
method of doingyöntem
possibility of doingihtimal
risk of doingrisk
technique for doingteknik
the point of doinganlam / amaç
Bölüm 5

Gerund ile Kullanılan Kalıplar ve To Preposition

KalıpKullanım
be busy doingbir şey yapmakla meşgul olmak
can’t help doingkendini yapmaktan alamamak
can’t stand doingkatlanamamak
feel like doingyapmak istemek
have a good time doingyaparken iyi vakit geçirmek
How about doing?yapmaya ne dersin?
It is no good / no use doingyapmanın faydası yok
spend time / money doingzaman / para harcamak
There is no point in doingyapmanın anlamı yok
worth doingyapmaya değer
waste time / money doingboşa harcamak
How about going out for dinner?Akşam yemeği için dışarı çıkmaya ne dersin?
There is no point in expecting him to help us.Ondan bize yardım etmesini beklemenin anlamı yok.

To Preposition Olarak Kullanıldığında

To her zaman infinitive yapmaz. Bazı yapılarda preposition olarak kullanılır ve arkasından gerund gelir.

YapıÖrnek
be / get used to + V-ingShe is used to travelling in heavy traffic.
be accustomed to + V-ingHe is accustomed to working with tough managers.
be opposed to + V-ingThey are opposed to having a nuclear plant nearby.
due to + V-ingShe feels exhausted due to teaching eight hours a day.
in addition to + V-ingIn addition to working as an instructor, he sings in a band.
owing to + V-ingI had a terrible time owing to waiting for you.
look forward to + V-ingI’m looking forward to going back to work.
object to + V-ingShe objected to going there on foot.
prefer doing to doingI prefer staying at home to going to noisy parties.

Go + Gerund

go shopping, go dancing, go bowling, go skating, go scuba diving, go fishing, go camping, go hunting, go trekking, go sightseeing, go snowboarding, go wind-surfing, go jogging

Bölüm 6

Passive and Perfect Forms of Gerund

YapıFormÖrnek
Simple GerundV-ingI regret moving to London.
Passive Gerundbeing + V3I don’t like being told what to do.
Perfect Gerundhaving + V3I was accused of having stolen the money.
Passive Perfect Gerundhaving been + V3He enjoyed having been valued as an artist.

Passive Gerund

He appreciates being respected at work.İş yerinde saygı görmekten memnundur.

Perfect Gerund

I am glad about having refused the job offer.İş teklifini reddetmiş olmaktan memnunum.

Passive Perfect Gerund

I remember having been punished by my mother for telling a lie.Yalan söylediğim için annem tarafından cezalandırıldığımı hatırlıyorum.
Bölüm 7

Infinitives

To Infinitive

to + V1

Infinitive cümlede isim gibi görev yapabilir. Bazen cümlenin öznesini tamamlar, bazen sıfattan sonra gelir, bazen de bazı fiillerden sonra kullanılır.

Negative Infinitive

not + to + V1
Try not to be late.Geç kalmamaya çalış.

Infinitive as Subject Complement

All I want is to lead a peaceful life.Tek istediğim huzurlu bir hayat sürmek.

It + be + adjective + to infinitive

It is difficult to solve this problem.Bu problemi çözmek zordur.

It + be + adjective + for somebody + to infinitive

It is important for students to revise regularly.Düzenli tekrar yapmak öğrenciler için önemlidir.

It + be + adjective + of somebody + to infinitive

Bu yapı, yapılan davranışın kişinin karakteriyle ilgili olduğunu gösterir.

It was kind of you to help me.Bana yardım etmen nazikçeydi.

Passive Reporting Verb + To Infinitive

Elephants are known to be the largest land animals.Fillerin en büyük kara hayvanları olduğu bilinir.
He is believed to have stolen the money.Parayı onun çaldığına inanılıyor.

Verb + To Infinitive

FiilÖrnek
affordWe can’t afford to live in a house like that.
agreeHe agreed to sign the contract.
attemptSomeone attempted to break into the house.
chooseHe chose to leave his hometown.
decideThey decided to spend their holiday in Greece.
expectI didn’t expect to see him here.
failHe failed to do the task.
hopeWe hope to have a good time.
learnI learned to swim when I was six.
manageHow did you manage to see the minister?
offerHe offered to give me a lift.
planWe are planning to hire a bigger office.
promiseThe child promised to behave well.
refuseHe refused to answer my question.
seemHe seems to be tired.
threatenShe threatened to reveal my secrets.
wantI don’t want to confuse you.
wishI wish to go there next weekend.

Verb + Object + To Infinitive

FiilÖrnek
adviseMy parents advised me to save money.
allowThe teacher allowed me to get an extra paper.
askI asked someone to help me.
begHe begged her not to leave him.
causeThe announcement caused the passengers to panic.
convinceIt is hard to convince my parents to let me go.
encourageYour support encouraged him to do better.
forceStop forcing her to eat all the food.
getI must get a friend to help me.
helpShe helped me carry the bags. / She helped me to carry the bags.
persuadeSales representatives persuade people to buy products.
remindRemind me to feed the cat.
teachI’m teaching my son to brush his teeth.
tellThe manager told me to see a customer.
wantI don’t want you to go there alone.
warnI warned him not to interfere.
Bölüm 8

Infinitive after Adjectives, Question Words, Too / Enough, Purpose

Adjective + To Infinitive

YapıAnlam
amazed to doşaşırmış olmak
anxious to doistekli / endişeli olmak
ashamed to doutanmış olmak
careful to dodikkat etmek
delighted to doçok memnun olmak
determined to dokararlı olmak
eager to doistekli olmak
happy / glad / pleased to domemnun olmak
likely to domuhtemel olmak
ready to dohazır olmak
reluctant to doisteksiz olmak
surprised / shocked to doşaşırmış / şok olmuş olmak
She was shocked to receive that threatening message.O tehdit mesajını alınca şok oldu.

Question Words + To Infinitive

what to do, where to go, when to leave, how to solve, who to invite, which one to choose, whether to accept

Can you show me how to use this machine?Bu makineyi nasıl kullanacağımı bana gösterebilir misin?

Too + adjective / adverb + to infinitive

The problem is too complicated to solve.Problem çözülemeyecek kadar karmaşık.

Adjective / adverb + enough + to infinitive

The sea is warm enough to swim in.Deniz yüzmek için yeterince sıcak.

Enough + noun + to infinitive

We don’t have enough money to buy a new house.Yeni bir ev alacak kadar paramız yok.

Infinitive of Purpose

Bir eylemin amacını anlatmak için to + V1, in order to veya so as to kullanılabilir.

She is studying very hard to pass her exams.Sınavlarını geçmek için çok çalışıyor.
He whispered so as not to wake the baby.Bebeği uyandırmamak için fısıldadı.

It takes + time + to infinitive

It takes me about ten minutes to make a cup of coffee.Bir fincan kahve yapmak yaklaşık on dakikamı alır.
Bölüm 9

Bare Infinitive

Bare infinitive, fiilin başında to olmadan kullanılan yalın hâlidir.

KullanımÖrnek
modal verb’lerden sonraYou can call me whenever you wish.
make / have causativeMy mother makes me tidy my room every day.
let somebody doPlease let me go with my friends.
why / why notWhy not tell her about the problem?
help somebody do / to doI’ll help you check those files.

Modal Verbs + Bare Infinitive

can, could, may, might, should, will, would, had better, would rather yapılarından sonra fiil yalın hâlde kullanılır.

You had better stay at home today.Bugün evde kalsan iyi olur.

Make / Have + Object + Bare Infinitive

The teacher made the students rewrite the paragraph.Öğretmen öğrencilerin paragrafı yeniden yazmasını sağladı.

Let + Object + Bare Infinitive

My parents let me stay out late at weekends.Ailem hafta sonları geç saate kadar dışarıda kalmama izin verir.

Why / Why Not + Bare Infinitive

Why not ask your teacher for help?Öğretmeninden yardım istemeye ne dersin?
Bölüm 10

Progressive / Passive / Perfect Forms of Infinitive

YapıFormÖrnek
Bare InfinitiveVYou must obey the rules.
Infinitiveto + VI cannot afford to buy that coat.
Progressive Infinitiveto be + V-ingThey seem to be having fun.
Passive Infinitiveto be + V3Daniel prefers to be called Dan.
Perfect Infinitiveto have + V3I am sad to have missed the concert.
Perfect Passive Infinitiveto have been + V3The boy appears to have been beaten up.
Perfect Progressive Infinitiveto have been + V-ingThe students pretended to have been studying all day.
The naughty boys seem to be waiting for me here.Yaramaz çocuklar burada beni bekliyor gibi görünüyor.
Peter asked to be informed about the news.Peter haberler hakkında bilgilendirilmeyi istedi.
I am sad to have missed the concert.Konseri kaçırdığım için üzgünüm.
The child seemed to have been crying all night.Çocuk bütün gece ağlamış gibi görünüyordu.
Bölüm 11

Gerund or Infinitive: Anlam Farkı Olan Fiiller

Bazı fiiller hem gerund hem de to infinitive alabilir. Ancak yapı değişince anlam değişir.

FiilGerund ileTo infinitive ile
remembergeçmişte yapılan şeyi hatırlamakyapılacak şeyi hatırlamak
forgetgeçmişte yapılan şeyi unutmakyapılması gereken şeyi unutmak
regretyaptığı şeyden pişman olmaküzülerek söylemek / bildirmek
stopyapılan işi bırakmakbaşka bir şey yapmak için durmak
meananlamına gelmek / gerektirmekniyetinde olmak / kastetmek
tryişe yarar mı diye denemekyapmaya çalışmak
go onaynı işe devam etmekbaşka bir işe geçmek
I remember locking the door.

Kapıyı kilitlediğimi hatırlıyorum.

I remembered to lock the door.

Kapıyı kilitlemeyi hatırladım.

He stopped talking.

Konuşmayı bıraktı.

He stopped to talk to me.

Benimle konuşmak için durdu.

Try drinking some water.

Biraz su içmeyi dene.

Try to drink more water.

Daha fazla su içmeye çalış.

Anlamı Benzer Olan Fiiller

begin, continue, start, hate, intend, like, love fiillerinden sonra hem gerund hem infinitive gelebilir ve anlam genellikle büyük ölçüde aynı kalır.

They started discussing the problem.Problemi tartışmaya başladılar.
They started to discuss the problem.Problemi tartışmaya başladılar.
Bölüm 12

Participles

Present Participle

Present participle, fiilin -ing almış hâlidir. Cümlede sıfat ya da zarf görevi görebilir ve çoğunlukla aktif anlam taşır.

Nobody helped the screaming lady.Kimse çığlık atan kadına yardım etmedi.

Present participle; sebep, zaman veya relative clause kısaltmalarında kullanılabilir.

Not being old enough, he doesn’t have the right to vote.Yeterince büyük olmadığı için oy verme hakkı yok.
Looking out of the window, she saw someone crying.Pencereden dışarı bakarken birinin ağladığını gördü.
I rarely see the man living in that house.O evde yaşayan adamı nadiren görürüm.

Past Participle

Past participle fiilin üçüncü hâlidir ve çoğunlukla edilgen anlamlı sıfat veya kısaltma olarak kullanılır.

The old man lives in an abandoned town.Yaşlı adam terk edilmiş bir kasabada yaşıyor.
Not informed about it, he missed the meeting.Toplantıdan haberdar edilmediği için toplantıyı kaçırdı.
The politician involved in a scandal held a press conference.Bir skandala karışmış politikacı basın toplantısı yaptı.

Present Participle ve Past Participle Farkı

Present ParticiplePast Participle
active anlam verirpassive anlam verir
crying babybroken vase
boiling waterboiled egg
falling leavesfallen leaves
developing countrydeveloped country

Perfect Participle

Perfect participle, yan cümledeki eylemin ana cümledeki eylemden önce gerçekleştiğini gösterir.

YapıÖrnek
having + V3Having finished their homework, the students went to play.
having been + V3Having been told off, he left the meeting.
having been + V-ingHaving been studying for hours, she had a headache.

Participle clause kullanıldığında ana cümlenin öznesi ile kısaltılan cümlenin öznesi aynı olmalıdır.

Walking down the street, I saw an old friend.

Doğru: yürüyen kişi de gören kişi de I.

Walking down the street, an old friend saw me.

Yanlış anlam doğurur: yürüyen kişi sanki an old friend olur.

Alıştırmalar ve Karma Testler

Soruları doğrudan sayfa üzerinde çözebilir, her bölümü ayrı kontrol edebilir veya tüm soruları tek seferde değerlendirebilirsiniz.

5 soru

Alıştırma 1

Boşlukları listedeki fiillerin gerund hâliyle doldurunuz: think, make, drive, do, help

1

If you don’t stop ___ fun of me, I’ll complain to the teacher about you.

2

Most women hate ___ the housework.

3

___ carelessly puts you at risk of having accidents.

4

___ others makes me feel happy.

5

___ on the phone while driving is very dangerous.

5 soru

Alıştırma 2

Boşlukları listedeki fiillerin gerund hâliyle doldurunuz: argue, have, talk, walk, use

1

___ with him won’t change anything.

2

___ a holiday might be a good idea if you feel depressed.

3

___ a mobile phone is very difficult for old people.

4

Some people believe that ___ slowly is a good way of exercising.

5

Your ___ to my boss didn’t help me at all.

5 soru

Alıştırma 3

Boşlukları listedeki fiillerin gerund hâliyle doldurunuz: buy, tell, play, cry, lose

1

If you don’t practise ___ the piano, you can’t become a good pianist.

2

He always denies ___ lies.

3

The little child kept ___ although his parents bought him the toy he wanted.

4

You mustn’t risk ___ all your money by gambling.

5

Why don’t you consider ___ a new one?

5 soru

Alıştırma 4

Cümleleri gerund kullanarak tamamlayınız.

1

I really appreciate ___.

2

He is planning to quit ___.

3

I think I won’t be able to tolerate ___.

4

She hates ___.

5

Have I mentioned ___?

5 soru

Alıştırma 5

Boşlukları listedeki fiillerin gerund hâliyle doldurunuz: wear, not ask, meet, clean, eat

1

Why do you keep ___ me questions about the film?

2

When people go to another country, they always miss ___ their country’s food.

3

I think I will postpone ___ the house until I find someone to help me.

4

Susan avoids ___ her teacher because she hasn’t handed in her term paper yet.

5

My brother doesn’t mind ___ the same clothes every day.

5 soru

Alıştırma 6

Cümleleri gerund kullanarak yeniden yazınız.

1

I don’t like ___.

2

The young boy imagines ___.

3

My friend suggested ___.

4

John keeps on ___.

5

My grandfather gave up ___.

10 soru

Alıştırma 7

Boşlukları uygun preposition ve parantez içindeki fiilin gerund hâliyle doldurunuz.

1

Everybody in the team accused him ___ the tent in the camp site. (forget)

2

My sister always complains ___ up early. (get)

3

Janet insisted ___ to the party. (go)

4

Criminals killed two guardians to succeed ___ from prison. (escape)

5

I’m thinking ___ the colour of my hair. (change)

6

He should apologize ___ so rude to her. (be)

7

Being successful depends ___ a lot. (train)

8

Last night I dreamt ___ my holiday on a tropical island. (spend)

9

I bought a necklace to thank her ___ me with my project. (help)

10

My uncle never worries ___ his money. (lose)

10 soru

Alıştırma 8

Boşlukları uygun yapı ile doldurunuz.

1

He often ___ losing his job.

2

Although she is talented, she has never ___ becoming a painter.

3

He never ___ hurting his friends.

4

Janet has been ___ becoming a famous actress since childhood.

5

Silvia always manages to ___ getting everything she wants.

6

Why are you ___ redecorating the house?

7

What is the best way of ___ people ___ polluting the environment?

8

She ___ me ___ stealing her money.

9

We must ___ Peter ___ winning the award.

10

You should stop ___ being alone.

5 soru

Alıştırma 10

Boşlukları uygun ifadelerle doldurunuz: there’s no point in, it’s worth, feel like, can’t stand, difficulty in

1

My boyfriend ___ window shopping in big malls for hours.

2

The dessert is delicious. ___ eating some more.

3

When I don’t sleep well, I have ___ getting up early.

4

Sandy has ___ persuading her daughter to take that medicine.

5

We have already checked the figures twice. ___ checking the figures again.

5 soru

Alıştırma 11

Boşlukları uygun yapı ve gerund ile doldurunuz.

1

___ writing novels, he translates articles into English. (write)

2

I’m just leaving. I ___ a week off and going abroad. (have)

3

He cannot spend time with his children ___ travelling abroad on business. (travel)

4

He ___ the working hours at the company. (change)

5

He ___ swimming to rafting. (swim)

4 soru

Alıştırma 13

Boşlukları uygun go + gerund yapısıyla doldurunuz.

1

I usually ___ in summer, but if the pool is crowded, I sunbathe.

2

I went ___ with a friend. It was cold, but I had fun flying over snow.

3

I love salsa, so I’m going ___.

4

We are going ___ in the forest, but we need a bigger tent.

6 soru

Alıştırma 14

Boşlukları listedeki fiillerin doğru gerund hâliyle doldurunuz: heat, polish, delete, feed, water, check

1

The unnecessary files need ___.

2

The plants need ___ more often.

3

Our cat needs ___ more often.

4

The furniture needs ___.

5

That calculation needs ___.

6

The soup needs ___.

6 soru

Alıştırma 15

Boşlukları doğru gerund biçimiyle doldurunuz.

1

They may accuse you of ___. (get up on the wrong side of the bed)

2

Vinegar helps prevent mould from ___. (form)

3

I cannot tolerate ___ to in such a disrespectful manner. (speak)

4

He mentioned ___ in an accident as a child. (injure)

5

We cannot risk his ___ into the world. (release)

6

Can you imagine ___ about the most fundamental part? (not tell)

10 soru

Alıştırma 16

Doğru seçeneği işaretleyiniz.

1

I come from a family where we make your bed every morning.

2

You are always ___ of gossiping about you.

3

Ada and Tuna still haven’t ___ for having made fun of me.

4

I would like to thank you ___ me about the problem in advance.

5

You don’t seem to be used ___ in a big city.

6

The boss sounds angry ___ losing our best customer.

7

The back door needs ___.

8

You must be proud ___ having such nice kids.

9

I can vividly recall ___ this question by my teacher before.

10

People don’t resist change; they resist ___ to change.

8 soru

Alıştırma 17

Cümleleri verilen başlangıca uygun şekilde infinitive kullanarak yeniden yazınız.

1

It is ___. (Talking too loudly on a bus is rude.)

2

It is ___. (Chewing gum during lessons is forbidden.)

3

It is ___. (Wearing formal clothes is a must.)

4

It is ___. (Eating too much fatty food is not healthy.)

5

It is ___. (Riding a motorcycle without a helmet is dangerous.)

6

It is ___. (Feeling regretful is meaningless.)

7

It is ___. (Selling this old house at a high price is almost impossible.)

8

It is ___. (Working on the computer all day is very boring.)

3 soru

Alıştırma 18

Cümleleri passive reporting yapısıyla yeniden yazınız.

1

Elephants ___.

2

Emily ___.

3

The project ___.

8 soru

Alıştırma 19

Boşlukları listedeki fiillerin infinitive hâliyle doldurunuz: help, give, see, do, convince, receive, go, buy

1

Please inform me if you decide ___ there with us.

2

How did he manage ___ his parents to buy him a car?

3

I wish ___ you before the meeting starts.

4

I wasn’t expecting ___ a reply so soon.

5

He offered ___ me with the housework.

6

He can afford ___ an electric car.

7

The official refused ___ the journalists information.

8

Don’t give up when you fail ___ something.

8 soru

Alıştırma 20

Boşlukları uygun zaman ve yapıyla doldurunuz: invite, expect, persuade, force, advise, allow, teach, remind

1

The sales representative tried to ___ me to buy the product.

2

Why didn’t you ___ me to call that customer?

3

Don’t ___ me to eat that meal.

4

Nobody ___ him to win the race, but he did.

5

Doctors ___ people to exercise regularly.

6

I can’t ___ my son to ride a bike.

7

They have ___ many people to their house-warming party.

8

The teachers never ___ us to have parties in the classroom.

7 soru

Alıştırma 22

Boşlukları uygun sıfatlarla doldurunuz: sorry, eager, careful, lucky, ashamed, delighted, anxious

1

He was so ___ to work with us at the beginning.

2

Parents must be ___ not to discourage their children.

3

I’m ___ to hear that you have been fired.

4

The murderer’s mother is ___ to have a son like him.

5

She is ___ to have such supportive parents.

6

He is ___ to make a big change in her life.

7

The old woman was ___ to see all her grandchildren.

6 soru

Alıştırma 23

Boşlukları uygun question word ile doldurunuz: what kind of, why, how long, what, how much, what time

1

They still haven’t decided at ___ to start the show.

2

We can’t decide ___ to stay there.

3

She didn’t know ___ sugar to add.

4

The interviewer doesn’t know ___ questions to ask.

5

I don’t know ___ to wear to the party.

6

She still hasn’t decided ___ to go to the party.

10 soru

Alıştırma 24

Boşlukları too / enough ve infinitive ile doldurunuz.

1

They were ___ tired ___ on working. (go)

2

Are you patient ___ as a babysitter? (work)

3

You don’t look clever ___ me with the housework. (help)

4

The soup is ___ for William. (eat)

5

He is not quick enough ___ the task in time. (finish)

6

The film was ___ long ___ the children’s attention. (hold)

7

Do we have ___ time ___ this matter? (discuss)

8

That office is ___ small for ten people ___ in. (work)

9

There aren’t ___ copies for everyone ___. (read)

10

The cat is running ___ fast for the dog ___. (catch)

7 soru

Alıştırma 25

Cümleleri eşleştiriniz. Cevaplara sadece harf yazınız.

1

We have to walk faster

2

I don’t need your help

3

A food processor is a machine

4

You have to find a witness

5

A telephone is a machine

6

A brush is a tool

7

He bought a brush

5 soru

Alıştırma 26

Cümleleri verilen başlangıca uygun şekilde yeniden yazınız.

1

It ___. (Learning a language takes a long time.)

2

It ___. (Fixing that machine will probably take a few hours.)

3

It ___. (Going there on foot took us about two hours.)

4

How long ___? (How much time do you spend cooking that meal?)

5

It ___. (Translating this story took him longer than expected.)

15 soru

Alıştırma 27

Boşlukları parantez içindeki fiillerin uygun hâliyle doldurunuz.

1

Why didn’t you let him ___ himself? (defend)

2

They made me ___ for half an hour before they allowed me ___ the director. (wait / see)

3

I’d better ___ for advice. (ask)

4

Would you like ___ your coffee black or with milk? (have)

5

Can you afford ___ the latest version? (buy)

6

Will you be able ___ us tomorrow? (join)

7

Sad endings usually make me ___. (cry)

8

We must have a vet ___ our dog. (examine)

9

Why didn’t you invite Pam ___ dinner with us? (have)

10

Why not ___ the walls in a lighter colour? (paint)

11

I don’t know what made him ___ like that. (think)

12

They’d rather ___ swimming. (go)

13

Shall we ___ a surprise birthday party? (organize)

14

You told me ___ up. (shut)

15

We need ___ those accounts again. (check)

12 soru

Alıştırma 28

Cümleleri anlamlarına göre tamamlayınız.

1

I remember ___ my first English teacher.

2

Remember ___ your homework before Monday.

3

He stopped ___ because he was too tired to continue.

4

He stopped ___ some water because he was thirsty.

5

I regret ___ rude to my friend yesterday.

6

I regret ___ you that your application was rejected.

7

Try ___ some lemon to the soup.

8

She tried ___ the heavy box, but she couldn’t.

9

Being a teacher means ___ patient with students.

10

I didn’t mean ___ you angry.

11

The teacher went on ___ the second topic.

12

They went on ___ although everyone was tired.

13 soru

Alıştırma 29

Boşlukları parantez içindeki fiillerin doğru hâliyle doldurunuz.

1

Do you ever regret ___ to New York? (move)

2

The police tried ___ down the child, but she went on ___. (calm / scream)

3

We mustn’t stop ___ for equal rights. (struggle)

4

I often forget ___ the plants. (water)

5

He listened and then went on ___ the newspaper. (read)

6

I sometimes regret ___ you any money. (cost)

7

Have you tried ___ the key clockwise? (turn)

8

I regret ___ that we still haven’t found your laptop. (say)

9

She went on ___ instructions. (give)

10

Spending hours in front of the TV means ___ nothing else to do. (have)

11

Never forget ___ a present for your parents. (buy)

12

If you don’t stop ___ that noise, I will call the police. (make)

13

The little child stopped ___ some ice cream. (buy)

18 soru

Alıştırma 30

Boşlukları gerund veya infinitive ile doldurunuz.

1

He began ___ the newspaper. (read)

2

Why did you stop ___ the story? (tell)

3

They started ___ the possible consequences. (discuss)

4

I don’t remember ___ to buy you a new phone. (promise)

5

I mustn’t forget ___ the bills today. (pay)

6

She loves ___ before bed. (read)

7

You must encourage your son ___ his skills. (improve)

8

I wouldn’t attempt ___ money in that business. (invest)

9

He considers ___ a bigger flat. (rent)

10

I didn’t mean ___ you upset. (make)

11

My doctor advised me ___ some weight. (lose)

12

The Prime Minister went on ___ his speech. (make)

13

They have been trying ___ the victims. (save)

14

She hates ___ in London. (live)

15

They stopped ___ something to drink. (have)

16

The child fell while trying ___ up a tree. (climb)

17

Can he manage ___ that job? (get)

18

Stop ___ me what to do! (tell)

15 soru

Alıştırma 31

Doğru seçeneği işaretleyiniz.

1

We’ll try ____ in a caravan for a few weeks.

2

You must promise ____ well if you want me to take you to the park.

3

I dread ____ him to see a psychologist.

4

We regret ____ that we will reduce your share of the profits.

5

Stop ____ me to drive slowly.

6

That window needs ____.

7

We don’t want ____ a wrong choice.

8

Sitting doing nothing means ____ time.

9

He’d better ____ for advice.

10

That device is used ____ furniture.

11

It’s no use ____ after breaking someone’s heart.

12

The students are often made ____ long essays.

13

You are not allowed ____ anything at the cinema.

14

I forgot ____ him about the meeting, so he didn’t come.

15

I’ll never forget ____ my first prize.

8 soru

Alıştırma 32

Cümleleri doğru participle yapısını kullanarak yeniden yazınız.

1

Sarah has a shower before she has dinner.

2

The old lady had another heart attack while she was being taken to hospital.

3

He works at a well-paid job, so he leads a comfortable life.

4

After she bakes a cake, she will make tea.

5

The old man shouted at the children who were playing happily in the garden.

6

After she had been rejected by her friends, she stayed home all day.

7

I hadn’t missed the train, so I was at work on time.

8

The boy had been crying for hours, and he finally fell asleep.

8 soru

Alıştırma 33

Doğru seçeneği işaretleyiniz.

1

After ____ her homework, she usually watches TV.

2

He kicked the wall ____.

3

She managed to survive, ____ to hospital in time.

4

She will feel comfortable after ____ her exam result.

5

____ what to do the next day, he had difficulty going to sleep.

6

____ in hospital for so long, she was finally happy to be home.

7

____ for Christmas earlier, all gifts were sent to the orphanage.

8

____ her baby in a previous hunt, the mother elephant attacked the lion.

30 soru

Karma Test 1

Aşağıdaki sorularda boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen seçeneği işaretleyiniz.

1

Jean managed ______ Spanish well enough ______ the job.

2

Catherine denied ______ the secret formula.

3

Ms Ritchey objected ______ at the weekend because it was very cold.

4

As bronchitis causes great difficulty ______, it requires urgent medical attention.

5

Although the kids hid in the garden, we found them easily because they couldn’t help ______.

6

It will be great for the visitors ______ a trip to Lake Van.

7

Magdalena wishes she could find someone ______ her with the housework.

8

Betsy has promised ______ more attention to her health.

9

I sometimes regret ______ such a difficult job at such a low wage.

10

Jonathan’s father finally agreed ______ a gardener ______ after their garden.

11

James is looking forward ______ back to school because he has missed his friends a lot.

12

Vicky would prefer her parents ______ her what ______ hard times.

13

Jackson is proud of ______ to the competition.

14

Betül kept ______ evening classes because he was really keen on ______ ballroom dances.

15

The Arthur Miller Society’s primary aim is ______ the youth on Arthur Miller and his work.

16

Cedric would rather ______ two hours travelling to work than ______ house.

17

If Amanda hadn’t failed ______ a job, she wouldn’t be talking about ______ to her hometown now.

18

June doesn’t mind ______ questions about her private life.

19

William needs ______ to the office in half an hour, so he will get his sister ______ him there.

20

If Nancy weren’t busy ______, I would ask her ______ me some coffee.

21

Who persuaded Hannelore ______ a doctor although she was reluctant ______ so?

22

You seem ______ a considerable amount of weight since I last saw you.

23

Sheila doesn’t have a right ______ Kevin’s ______ to graduate from high school.

24

The company forced the employees ______ on Saturdays and threatened ______ them.

25

Little Elby begged her mother ______ her ______ some more cake.

26

Douglas is worried about his son’s ______ to Manchester by car because they are too inexperienced ______ such a long way.

27

You should remember ______ to Arthur for ______ his time.

28

It took me a week ______ Pamela ______ Debra’s offer.

29

Dolores spent hours ______ the manual and learned how ______ emails from her new mobile phone.

30

Don’t be afraid ______ me if there is anything you don’t understand in the book.

30 soru

Karma Test 2

Aşağıdaki sorularda boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen seçeneği işaretleyiniz.

1

It was so nice ______ to you. I’d love ______ you more often.

2

Mr Lambert went on ______ the fifth item on the agenda.

3

Most of the fans came close to the stage ______ their favourite band better.

4

Edward says he vaguely remembers ______ to sign a document.

5

You are not allowed ______ photos in the museum.

6

I can’t risk ______ Larry’s friendship, so I don’t want you ______ anything to him.

7

The house needs ______ before we move in next month.

8

Sandra says she will never forget ______ to Nepal last summer.

9

Melody never carried much money after ______.

10

Nevin and Ebru had a good time ______ backgammon after work yesterday.

11

I am considering ______ to the countryside as soon as I get retired.

12

I dislike ______ students ______ with too much homework.

13

I don’t think it was very creative of you ______ and ______ most of the web page.

14

Ceren says she’d rather ______ the sunset than ______ the others at the disco.

15

The microwave isn’t worth ______ because it would cost less ______ a new one.

16

The little girl refused ______ the candy, saying she had been told ______ things from strangers.

17

Mary deserves ______ this year.

18

The number of shades of colour ______ by the human eye is not less than a million.

19

Trainspotting is the act of ______ information on trains.

20

The small boat ______ out to sea seems ______ empty.

21

If you agree ______ with us, it will mean ______ at least five reports a day.

22

When ______ a bath, the baby sleeps longer than usual.

23

______ about cultural differences, the children enjoyed ______ a foreign country.

24

What was meant ______ a friendly joke caused Will and Ian ______ a big argument.

25

New York, ______ in the 17th century, rapidly grew ______ a major city.

26

Most visitors can’t help ______ the landscape ______ by high mountains and lakes.

27

Betty now regrets not ______ the house while interest rates were low.

28

______ along the road with me, grandpa often stopped ______ with a villager.

29

The archaeologists ______ the excavation found strange Neolithic tools.

30

There is no point in ______ up a language course if you aren’t determined ______ all classes.

30 soru

Karma Test 3

Aşağıdaki sorularda boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen seçeneği işaretleyiniz.

1

If you want to get ______, you should try ______ to classical music.

2

We couldn’t persuade my grandmother ______ in hospital, so we hired a nurse ______ after her.

3

______ tired of studying, Berrin needed a good holiday.

4

Traditional diets have taught us ______ weight by ______ our food intake.

5

You appear ______ a lot of money on technology these days.

6

Patty expressed her wish ______ the documents ______ by the department head.

7

While ______ to the news bulletin, I heard about the discovery.

8

She isn’t used ______ such long distances, so she has stopped ______ a breath.

9

Why they object ______ him a second chance is one matter ______.

10

If Barry promises not ______ again, Natalie will forgive him for not ______ the truth.

11

The baby ______ near the garbage bags was fed at the police station.

12

How long did it take you ______ the 3,400-piece puzzle?

13

Why does she spend time ______ about the email ______ to her last week?

14

Parents should prevent their children from ______ computer games for long hours.

15

The scientists ______ the effects of global warming predicted drought.

16

______ the warnings, Titanic hit an iceberg.

17

Why didn’t you consider ______ an expert before ______ a new flat?

18

I found a kitten ______ in the park and took it to a vet to have it ______.

19

I still can’t decide where ______ on holiday.

20

______ by a lot of people, the book looked very old.

21

Carmen now regrets ______ her summer house ______ a trendy car.

22

It is no use ______ the flowers as they are dead.

23

One of the best ways ______ your writing is ______ a lot.

24

I haven’t got enough patience ______ to her complaints.

25

The criminal denied ______ the businessman although there was evidence.

26

The old lady ______ next door looks forward to ______.

27

______ to the family budget, my cousin decided ______ as a part-time waitress.

28

In addition to ______ children’s stories, Daniel works as an interpreter.

29

I feel like ______ barefoot on the sand.

30

My secretary left the office, ______ that she had some stuff to deal with.

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