Gerunds, Infinitives & Participles
Sade anlatım, sesli örnekler, anında çözülebilen alıştırmalar ve karma testlerle hazırlanmış interaktif ders materyali.
Genel Giriş: Gerund, Infinitive ve Participle
Gerund, fiilin sonuna -ing getirilerek oluşturulan ve cümlede isim görevi gören yapıdır. Fiil anlamı taşır ama cümlede isim gibi kullanılır.
Infinitive, fiilin başına to getirilerek veya fiilin yalın hâli kullanılarak oluşturulur.
To Infinitive
to + V1
to go, to study, to learn
Bare Infinitive
V1
go, study, learn
Participle, fiilden türetilen ve cümlede çoğunlukla sıfat ya da zarf görevi gören yapıdır.
| Yapı | Form | Kullanım |
|---|---|---|
| Present Participle | V-ing | aktif anlam / devam eden eylem |
| Past Participle | V3 | edilgen anlam / tamamlanmışlık |
| Perfect Participle | having + V3 | ana fiilden önce gerçekleşen eylem |
Gerunds
Gerund as Subject
Gerund cümlenin başında özne olarak kullanılabilir. Bu durumda cümlenin konusu bir eylemdir. Gerund özne olduğunda fiil genellikle tekil kullanılır.
İki gerund and ile bağlanırsa iki ayrı eylemden söz edildiği için fiil çoğul olabilir.
Negative Gerund
Gerund yapısını olumsuz yapmak için başına not getirilir.
Gerund + Possessive
Gerund’dan önce iyelik bildiren yapılar kullanılabilir: my / your / his / her / our / their + V-ing veya isim + ’s + V-ing.
Gerund after Be
Gerund, be fiilinden sonra özne tamamlayıcısı olarak kullanılabilir.
Verb + Gerund
Bazı fiillerden sonra ikinci fiil gelirse bu fiil gerund olur.
| Gerund Alan Fiiller | Örnek |
|---|---|
| admit | The suspect admitted breaking into the store. |
| avoid | Young people should avoid getting involved in street fights. |
| consider | She often considers moving to another house. |
| deny | The child denied breaking the window. |
| enjoy | Everybody enjoys sunbathing on a sandy beach. |
| finish | When will you finish doing the ironing? |
| give up | You must never give up struggling against injustice. |
| imagine | Can you imagine living in a world without the Internet? |
| mind | Would you mind helping me with the dishes? |
| postpone | You always postpone seeing the dentist. |
| practise | He practises playing the guitar every day. |
| quit | My uncle quit smoking a few months ago. |
| suggest | She suggested playing tennis before dinner. |
Gerund after Prepositions
İngilizcede bir preposition’dan sonra fiil gelirse, fiil gerund olur.
Verb + Preposition + Gerund
| Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|
| accuse somebody of | He accused me of starting the quarrel. |
| apologize for | He apologized for insulting me. |
| believe in | I don’t believe in learning a language in a short time. |
| complain about | She is always complaining about having no time. |
| concentrate on | I can’t concentrate on studying. |
| congratulate somebody on | I congratulated Judy on getting a promotion. |
| depend on | A good life depends on making wise choices. |
| dream of / about | They dream of retiring and moving to a peaceful place. |
| insist on | Why do you insist on wasting your time? |
| prevent from | Exercising prevents you from gaining weight. |
| succeed in | He succeeded in convincing his friend. |
| thank somebody for | Thank you for supporting me. |
Adjective + Preposition + Gerund / Noun + Preposition + Gerund
Adjective + Preposition + Gerund
Bazı sıfatlar belirli preposition’larla kullanılır. Bu preposition’dan sonra fiil gelirse gerund olur.
| Yapı | Anlam |
|---|---|
| afraid of doing something | bir şeyi yapmaktan korkmak |
| ashamed of doing something | bir şeyi yaptığı için utanmak |
| capable of doing something | yapabilecek durumda olmak |
| excited about doing something | heyecanlı olmak |
| famous for doing something | yapmakla ünlü olmak |
| fed up with doing something | yapmaktan bıkmış olmak |
| fond of doing something | yapmaya düşkün olmak |
| good / bad at doing something | yapmakta iyi / kötü olmak |
| interested in doing something | yapmakla ilgilenmek |
| keen on doing something | yapmaya meraklı olmak |
| proud of doing something | gurur duymak |
| responsible for doing something | sorumlu olmak |
| sure of / about doing something | emin olmak |
| terrified of doing something | çok korkmak |
| tired of doing something | bıkmak |
| tired from doing something | yorgun düşmek |
| worried about doing something | endişeli olmak |
Tired of / Tired from
Bir şeyi yapmaktan bıkmak.
I’m tired of doing the housework every day.
Bir işi yaptığı için fiziksel olarak yorulmak.
I’m tired from working in shifts.
Noun + Preposition + Gerund
| Yapı | Anlam |
|---|---|
| advantage of doing | yapmanın avantajı |
| danger of doing | yapmanın tehlikesi |
| difficulty in doing | yapmakta zorluk |
| doubt about doing | şüphe |
| interest in doing | ilgi |
| method of doing | yöntem |
| possibility of doing | ihtimal |
| risk of doing | risk |
| technique for doing | teknik |
| the point of doing | anlam / amaç |
Gerund ile Kullanılan Kalıplar ve To Preposition
| Kalıp | Kullanım |
|---|---|
| be busy doing | bir şey yapmakla meşgul olmak |
| can’t help doing | kendini yapmaktan alamamak |
| can’t stand doing | katlanamamak |
| feel like doing | yapmak istemek |
| have a good time doing | yaparken iyi vakit geçirmek |
| How about doing? | yapmaya ne dersin? |
| It is no good / no use doing | yapmanın faydası yok |
| spend time / money doing | zaman / para harcamak |
| There is no point in doing | yapmanın anlamı yok |
| worth doing | yapmaya değer |
| waste time / money doing | boşa harcamak |
To Preposition Olarak Kullanıldığında
To her zaman infinitive yapmaz. Bazı yapılarda preposition olarak kullanılır ve arkasından gerund gelir.
| Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|
| be / get used to + V-ing | She is used to travelling in heavy traffic. |
| be accustomed to + V-ing | He is accustomed to working with tough managers. |
| be opposed to + V-ing | They are opposed to having a nuclear plant nearby. |
| due to + V-ing | She feels exhausted due to teaching eight hours a day. |
| in addition to + V-ing | In addition to working as an instructor, he sings in a band. |
| owing to + V-ing | I had a terrible time owing to waiting for you. |
| look forward to + V-ing | I’m looking forward to going back to work. |
| object to + V-ing | She objected to going there on foot. |
| prefer doing to doing | I prefer staying at home to going to noisy parties. |
Go + Gerund
go shopping, go dancing, go bowling, go skating, go scuba diving, go fishing, go camping, go hunting, go trekking, go sightseeing, go snowboarding, go wind-surfing, go jogging
Passive and Perfect Forms of Gerund
| Yapı | Form | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Gerund | V-ing | I regret moving to London. |
| Passive Gerund | being + V3 | I don’t like being told what to do. |
| Perfect Gerund | having + V3 | I was accused of having stolen the money. |
| Passive Perfect Gerund | having been + V3 | He enjoyed having been valued as an artist. |
Passive Gerund
Perfect Gerund
Passive Perfect Gerund
Infinitives
To Infinitive
Infinitive cümlede isim gibi görev yapabilir. Bazen cümlenin öznesini tamamlar, bazen sıfattan sonra gelir, bazen de bazı fiillerden sonra kullanılır.
Negative Infinitive
Infinitive as Subject Complement
It + be + adjective + to infinitive
It + be + adjective + for somebody + to infinitive
It + be + adjective + of somebody + to infinitive
Bu yapı, yapılan davranışın kişinin karakteriyle ilgili olduğunu gösterir.
Passive Reporting Verb + To Infinitive
Verb + To Infinitive
| Fiil | Örnek |
|---|---|
| afford | We can’t afford to live in a house like that. |
| agree | He agreed to sign the contract. |
| attempt | Someone attempted to break into the house. |
| choose | He chose to leave his hometown. |
| decide | They decided to spend their holiday in Greece. |
| expect | I didn’t expect to see him here. |
| fail | He failed to do the task. |
| hope | We hope to have a good time. |
| learn | I learned to swim when I was six. |
| manage | How did you manage to see the minister? |
| offer | He offered to give me a lift. |
| plan | We are planning to hire a bigger office. |
| promise | The child promised to behave well. |
| refuse | He refused to answer my question. |
| seem | He seems to be tired. |
| threaten | She threatened to reveal my secrets. |
| want | I don’t want to confuse you. |
| wish | I wish to go there next weekend. |
Verb + Object + To Infinitive
| Fiil | Örnek |
|---|---|
| advise | My parents advised me to save money. |
| allow | The teacher allowed me to get an extra paper. |
| ask | I asked someone to help me. |
| beg | He begged her not to leave him. |
| cause | The announcement caused the passengers to panic. |
| convince | It is hard to convince my parents to let me go. |
| encourage | Your support encouraged him to do better. |
| force | Stop forcing her to eat all the food. |
| get | I must get a friend to help me. |
| help | She helped me carry the bags. / She helped me to carry the bags. |
| persuade | Sales representatives persuade people to buy products. |
| remind | Remind me to feed the cat. |
| teach | I’m teaching my son to brush his teeth. |
| tell | The manager told me to see a customer. |
| want | I don’t want you to go there alone. |
| warn | I warned him not to interfere. |
Infinitive after Adjectives, Question Words, Too / Enough, Purpose
Adjective + To Infinitive
| Yapı | Anlam |
|---|---|
| amazed to do | şaşırmış olmak |
| anxious to do | istekli / endişeli olmak |
| ashamed to do | utanmış olmak |
| careful to do | dikkat etmek |
| delighted to do | çok memnun olmak |
| determined to do | kararlı olmak |
| eager to do | istekli olmak |
| happy / glad / pleased to do | memnun olmak |
| likely to do | muhtemel olmak |
| ready to do | hazır olmak |
| reluctant to do | isteksiz olmak |
| surprised / shocked to do | şaşırmış / şok olmuş olmak |
Question Words + To Infinitive
what to do, where to go, when to leave, how to solve, who to invite, which one to choose, whether to accept
Too + adjective / adverb + to infinitive
Adjective / adverb + enough + to infinitive
Enough + noun + to infinitive
Infinitive of Purpose
Bir eylemin amacını anlatmak için to + V1, in order to veya so as to kullanılabilir.
It takes + time + to infinitive
Bare Infinitive
Bare infinitive, fiilin başında to olmadan kullanılan yalın hâlidir.
| Kullanım | Örnek |
|---|---|
| modal verb’lerden sonra | You can call me whenever you wish. |
| make / have causative | My mother makes me tidy my room every day. |
| let somebody do | Please let me go with my friends. |
| why / why not | Why not tell her about the problem? |
| help somebody do / to do | I’ll help you check those files. |
Modal Verbs + Bare Infinitive
can, could, may, might, should, will, would, had better, would rather yapılarından sonra fiil yalın hâlde kullanılır.
Make / Have + Object + Bare Infinitive
Let + Object + Bare Infinitive
Why / Why Not + Bare Infinitive
Progressive / Passive / Perfect Forms of Infinitive
| Yapı | Form | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Bare Infinitive | V | You must obey the rules. |
| Infinitive | to + V | I cannot afford to buy that coat. |
| Progressive Infinitive | to be + V-ing | They seem to be having fun. |
| Passive Infinitive | to be + V3 | Daniel prefers to be called Dan. |
| Perfect Infinitive | to have + V3 | I am sad to have missed the concert. |
| Perfect Passive Infinitive | to have been + V3 | The boy appears to have been beaten up. |
| Perfect Progressive Infinitive | to have been + V-ing | The students pretended to have been studying all day. |
Gerund or Infinitive: Anlam Farkı Olan Fiiller
Bazı fiiller hem gerund hem de to infinitive alabilir. Ancak yapı değişince anlam değişir.
| Fiil | Gerund ile | To infinitive ile |
|---|---|---|
| remember | geçmişte yapılan şeyi hatırlamak | yapılacak şeyi hatırlamak |
| forget | geçmişte yapılan şeyi unutmak | yapılması gereken şeyi unutmak |
| regret | yaptığı şeyden pişman olmak | üzülerek söylemek / bildirmek |
| stop | yapılan işi bırakmak | başka bir şey yapmak için durmak |
| mean | anlamına gelmek / gerektirmek | niyetinde olmak / kastetmek |
| try | işe yarar mı diye denemek | yapmaya çalışmak |
| go on | aynı işe devam etmek | başka bir işe geçmek |
Kapıyı kilitlediğimi hatırlıyorum.
Kapıyı kilitlemeyi hatırladım.
Konuşmayı bıraktı.
Benimle konuşmak için durdu.
Biraz su içmeyi dene.
Daha fazla su içmeye çalış.
Anlamı Benzer Olan Fiiller
begin, continue, start, hate, intend, like, love fiillerinden sonra hem gerund hem infinitive gelebilir ve anlam genellikle büyük ölçüde aynı kalır.
Participles
Present Participle
Present participle, fiilin -ing almış hâlidir. Cümlede sıfat ya da zarf görevi görebilir ve çoğunlukla aktif anlam taşır.
Present participle; sebep, zaman veya relative clause kısaltmalarında kullanılabilir.
Past Participle
Past participle fiilin üçüncü hâlidir ve çoğunlukla edilgen anlamlı sıfat veya kısaltma olarak kullanılır.
Present Participle ve Past Participle Farkı
| Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|
| active anlam verir | passive anlam verir |
| crying baby | broken vase |
| boiling water | boiled egg |
| falling leaves | fallen leaves |
| developing country | developed country |
Perfect Participle
Perfect participle, yan cümledeki eylemin ana cümledeki eylemden önce gerçekleştiğini gösterir.
| Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|
| having + V3 | Having finished their homework, the students went to play. |
| having been + V3 | Having been told off, he left the meeting. |
| having been + V-ing | Having been studying for hours, she had a headache. |
Participle clause kullanıldığında ana cümlenin öznesi ile kısaltılan cümlenin öznesi aynı olmalıdır.
Doğru: yürüyen kişi de gören kişi de I.
Yanlış anlam doğurur: yürüyen kişi sanki an old friend olur.
Alıştırmalar ve Karma Testler
Soruları doğrudan sayfa üzerinde çözebilir, her bölümü ayrı kontrol edebilir veya tüm soruları tek seferde değerlendirebilirsiniz.
Alıştırma 1
Boşlukları listedeki fiillerin gerund hâliyle doldurunuz: think, make, drive, do, help
If you don’t stop ___ fun of me, I’ll complain to the teacher about you.
Most women hate ___ the housework.
___ carelessly puts you at risk of having accidents.
___ others makes me feel happy.
___ on the phone while driving is very dangerous.
Alıştırma 2
Boşlukları listedeki fiillerin gerund hâliyle doldurunuz: argue, have, talk, walk, use
___ with him won’t change anything.
___ a holiday might be a good idea if you feel depressed.
___ a mobile phone is very difficult for old people.
Some people believe that ___ slowly is a good way of exercising.
Your ___ to my boss didn’t help me at all.
Alıştırma 3
Boşlukları listedeki fiillerin gerund hâliyle doldurunuz: buy, tell, play, cry, lose
If you don’t practise ___ the piano, you can’t become a good pianist.
He always denies ___ lies.
The little child kept ___ although his parents bought him the toy he wanted.
You mustn’t risk ___ all your money by gambling.
Why don’t you consider ___ a new one?
Alıştırma 4
Cümleleri gerund kullanarak tamamlayınız.
I really appreciate ___.
He is planning to quit ___.
I think I won’t be able to tolerate ___.
She hates ___.
Have I mentioned ___?
Alıştırma 5
Boşlukları listedeki fiillerin gerund hâliyle doldurunuz: wear, not ask, meet, clean, eat
Why do you keep ___ me questions about the film?
When people go to another country, they always miss ___ their country’s food.
I think I will postpone ___ the house until I find someone to help me.
Susan avoids ___ her teacher because she hasn’t handed in her term paper yet.
My brother doesn’t mind ___ the same clothes every day.
Alıştırma 6
Cümleleri gerund kullanarak yeniden yazınız.
I don’t like ___.
The young boy imagines ___.
My friend suggested ___.
John keeps on ___.
My grandfather gave up ___.
Alıştırma 7
Boşlukları uygun preposition ve parantez içindeki fiilin gerund hâliyle doldurunuz.
Everybody in the team accused him ___ the tent in the camp site. (forget)
My sister always complains ___ up early. (get)
Janet insisted ___ to the party. (go)
Criminals killed two guardians to succeed ___ from prison. (escape)
I’m thinking ___ the colour of my hair. (change)
He should apologize ___ so rude to her. (be)
Being successful depends ___ a lot. (train)
Last night I dreamt ___ my holiday on a tropical island. (spend)
I bought a necklace to thank her ___ me with my project. (help)
My uncle never worries ___ his money. (lose)
Alıştırma 8
Boşlukları uygun yapı ile doldurunuz.
He often ___ losing his job.
Although she is talented, she has never ___ becoming a painter.
He never ___ hurting his friends.
Janet has been ___ becoming a famous actress since childhood.
Silvia always manages to ___ getting everything she wants.
Why are you ___ redecorating the house?
What is the best way of ___ people ___ polluting the environment?
She ___ me ___ stealing her money.
We must ___ Peter ___ winning the award.
You should stop ___ being alone.
Alıştırma 10
Boşlukları uygun ifadelerle doldurunuz: there’s no point in, it’s worth, feel like, can’t stand, difficulty in
My boyfriend ___ window shopping in big malls for hours.
The dessert is delicious. ___ eating some more.
When I don’t sleep well, I have ___ getting up early.
Sandy has ___ persuading her daughter to take that medicine.
We have already checked the figures twice. ___ checking the figures again.
Alıştırma 11
Boşlukları uygun yapı ve gerund ile doldurunuz.
___ writing novels, he translates articles into English. (write)
I’m just leaving. I ___ a week off and going abroad. (have)
He cannot spend time with his children ___ travelling abroad on business. (travel)
He ___ the working hours at the company. (change)
He ___ swimming to rafting. (swim)
Alıştırma 13
Boşlukları uygun go + gerund yapısıyla doldurunuz.
I usually ___ in summer, but if the pool is crowded, I sunbathe.
I went ___ with a friend. It was cold, but I had fun flying over snow.
I love salsa, so I’m going ___.
We are going ___ in the forest, but we need a bigger tent.
Alıştırma 14
Boşlukları listedeki fiillerin doğru gerund hâliyle doldurunuz: heat, polish, delete, feed, water, check
The unnecessary files need ___.
The plants need ___ more often.
Our cat needs ___ more often.
The furniture needs ___.
That calculation needs ___.
The soup needs ___.
Alıştırma 15
Boşlukları doğru gerund biçimiyle doldurunuz.
They may accuse you of ___. (get up on the wrong side of the bed)
Vinegar helps prevent mould from ___. (form)
I cannot tolerate ___ to in such a disrespectful manner. (speak)
He mentioned ___ in an accident as a child. (injure)
We cannot risk his ___ into the world. (release)
Can you imagine ___ about the most fundamental part? (not tell)
Alıştırma 16
Doğru seçeneği işaretleyiniz.
I come from a family where we make your bed every morning.
You are always ___ of gossiping about you.
Ada and Tuna still haven’t ___ for having made fun of me.
I would like to thank you ___ me about the problem in advance.
You don’t seem to be used ___ in a big city.
The boss sounds angry ___ losing our best customer.
The back door needs ___.
You must be proud ___ having such nice kids.
I can vividly recall ___ this question by my teacher before.
People don’t resist change; they resist ___ to change.
Alıştırma 17
Cümleleri verilen başlangıca uygun şekilde infinitive kullanarak yeniden yazınız.
It is ___. (Talking too loudly on a bus is rude.)
It is ___. (Chewing gum during lessons is forbidden.)
It is ___. (Wearing formal clothes is a must.)
It is ___. (Eating too much fatty food is not healthy.)
It is ___. (Riding a motorcycle without a helmet is dangerous.)
It is ___. (Feeling regretful is meaningless.)
It is ___. (Selling this old house at a high price is almost impossible.)
It is ___. (Working on the computer all day is very boring.)
Alıştırma 18
Cümleleri passive reporting yapısıyla yeniden yazınız.
Elephants ___.
Emily ___.
The project ___.
Alıştırma 19
Boşlukları listedeki fiillerin infinitive hâliyle doldurunuz: help, give, see, do, convince, receive, go, buy
Please inform me if you decide ___ there with us.
How did he manage ___ his parents to buy him a car?
I wish ___ you before the meeting starts.
I wasn’t expecting ___ a reply so soon.
He offered ___ me with the housework.
He can afford ___ an electric car.
The official refused ___ the journalists information.
Don’t give up when you fail ___ something.
Alıştırma 20
Boşlukları uygun zaman ve yapıyla doldurunuz: invite, expect, persuade, force, advise, allow, teach, remind
The sales representative tried to ___ me to buy the product.
Why didn’t you ___ me to call that customer?
Don’t ___ me to eat that meal.
Nobody ___ him to win the race, but he did.
Doctors ___ people to exercise regularly.
I can’t ___ my son to ride a bike.
They have ___ many people to their house-warming party.
The teachers never ___ us to have parties in the classroom.
Alıştırma 22
Boşlukları uygun sıfatlarla doldurunuz: sorry, eager, careful, lucky, ashamed, delighted, anxious
He was so ___ to work with us at the beginning.
Parents must be ___ not to discourage their children.
I’m ___ to hear that you have been fired.
The murderer’s mother is ___ to have a son like him.
She is ___ to have such supportive parents.
He is ___ to make a big change in her life.
The old woman was ___ to see all her grandchildren.
Alıştırma 23
Boşlukları uygun question word ile doldurunuz: what kind of, why, how long, what, how much, what time
They still haven’t decided at ___ to start the show.
We can’t decide ___ to stay there.
She didn’t know ___ sugar to add.
The interviewer doesn’t know ___ questions to ask.
I don’t know ___ to wear to the party.
She still hasn’t decided ___ to go to the party.
Alıştırma 24
Boşlukları too / enough ve infinitive ile doldurunuz.
They were ___ tired ___ on working. (go)
Are you patient ___ as a babysitter? (work)
You don’t look clever ___ me with the housework. (help)
The soup is ___ for William. (eat)
He is not quick enough ___ the task in time. (finish)
The film was ___ long ___ the children’s attention. (hold)
Do we have ___ time ___ this matter? (discuss)
That office is ___ small for ten people ___ in. (work)
There aren’t ___ copies for everyone ___. (read)
The cat is running ___ fast for the dog ___. (catch)
Alıştırma 25
Cümleleri eşleştiriniz. Cevaplara sadece harf yazınız.
We have to walk faster
I don’t need your help
A food processor is a machine
You have to find a witness
A telephone is a machine
A brush is a tool
He bought a brush
Alıştırma 26
Cümleleri verilen başlangıca uygun şekilde yeniden yazınız.
It ___. (Learning a language takes a long time.)
It ___. (Fixing that machine will probably take a few hours.)
It ___. (Going there on foot took us about two hours.)
How long ___? (How much time do you spend cooking that meal?)
It ___. (Translating this story took him longer than expected.)
Alıştırma 27
Boşlukları parantez içindeki fiillerin uygun hâliyle doldurunuz.
Why didn’t you let him ___ himself? (defend)
They made me ___ for half an hour before they allowed me ___ the director. (wait / see)
I’d better ___ for advice. (ask)
Would you like ___ your coffee black or with milk? (have)
Can you afford ___ the latest version? (buy)
Will you be able ___ us tomorrow? (join)
Sad endings usually make me ___. (cry)
We must have a vet ___ our dog. (examine)
Why didn’t you invite Pam ___ dinner with us? (have)
Why not ___ the walls in a lighter colour? (paint)
I don’t know what made him ___ like that. (think)
They’d rather ___ swimming. (go)
Shall we ___ a surprise birthday party? (organize)
You told me ___ up. (shut)
We need ___ those accounts again. (check)
Alıştırma 28
Cümleleri anlamlarına göre tamamlayınız.
I remember ___ my first English teacher.
Remember ___ your homework before Monday.
He stopped ___ because he was too tired to continue.
He stopped ___ some water because he was thirsty.
I regret ___ rude to my friend yesterday.
I regret ___ you that your application was rejected.
Try ___ some lemon to the soup.
She tried ___ the heavy box, but she couldn’t.
Being a teacher means ___ patient with students.
I didn’t mean ___ you angry.
The teacher went on ___ the second topic.
They went on ___ although everyone was tired.
Alıştırma 29
Boşlukları parantez içindeki fiillerin doğru hâliyle doldurunuz.
Do you ever regret ___ to New York? (move)
The police tried ___ down the child, but she went on ___. (calm / scream)
We mustn’t stop ___ for equal rights. (struggle)
I often forget ___ the plants. (water)
He listened and then went on ___ the newspaper. (read)
I sometimes regret ___ you any money. (cost)
Have you tried ___ the key clockwise? (turn)
I regret ___ that we still haven’t found your laptop. (say)
She went on ___ instructions. (give)
Spending hours in front of the TV means ___ nothing else to do. (have)
Never forget ___ a present for your parents. (buy)
If you don’t stop ___ that noise, I will call the police. (make)
The little child stopped ___ some ice cream. (buy)
Alıştırma 30
Boşlukları gerund veya infinitive ile doldurunuz.
He began ___ the newspaper. (read)
Why did you stop ___ the story? (tell)
They started ___ the possible consequences. (discuss)
I don’t remember ___ to buy you a new phone. (promise)
I mustn’t forget ___ the bills today. (pay)
She loves ___ before bed. (read)
You must encourage your son ___ his skills. (improve)
I wouldn’t attempt ___ money in that business. (invest)
He considers ___ a bigger flat. (rent)
I didn’t mean ___ you upset. (make)
My doctor advised me ___ some weight. (lose)
The Prime Minister went on ___ his speech. (make)
They have been trying ___ the victims. (save)
She hates ___ in London. (live)
They stopped ___ something to drink. (have)
The child fell while trying ___ up a tree. (climb)
Can he manage ___ that job? (get)
Stop ___ me what to do! (tell)
Alıştırma 31
Doğru seçeneği işaretleyiniz.
We’ll try ____ in a caravan for a few weeks.
You must promise ____ well if you want me to take you to the park.
I dread ____ him to see a psychologist.
We regret ____ that we will reduce your share of the profits.
Stop ____ me to drive slowly.
That window needs ____.
We don’t want ____ a wrong choice.
Sitting doing nothing means ____ time.
He’d better ____ for advice.
That device is used ____ furniture.
It’s no use ____ after breaking someone’s heart.
The students are often made ____ long essays.
You are not allowed ____ anything at the cinema.
I forgot ____ him about the meeting, so he didn’t come.
I’ll never forget ____ my first prize.
Alıştırma 32
Cümleleri doğru participle yapısını kullanarak yeniden yazınız.
Sarah has a shower before she has dinner.
The old lady had another heart attack while she was being taken to hospital.
He works at a well-paid job, so he leads a comfortable life.
After she bakes a cake, she will make tea.
The old man shouted at the children who were playing happily in the garden.
After she had been rejected by her friends, she stayed home all day.
I hadn’t missed the train, so I was at work on time.
The boy had been crying for hours, and he finally fell asleep.
Alıştırma 33
Doğru seçeneği işaretleyiniz.
After ____ her homework, she usually watches TV.
He kicked the wall ____.
She managed to survive, ____ to hospital in time.
She will feel comfortable after ____ her exam result.
____ what to do the next day, he had difficulty going to sleep.
____ in hospital for so long, she was finally happy to be home.
____ for Christmas earlier, all gifts were sent to the orphanage.
____ her baby in a previous hunt, the mother elephant attacked the lion.
Karma Test 1
Aşağıdaki sorularda boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen seçeneği işaretleyiniz.
Jean managed ______ Spanish well enough ______ the job.
Catherine denied ______ the secret formula.
Ms Ritchey objected ______ at the weekend because it was very cold.
As bronchitis causes great difficulty ______, it requires urgent medical attention.
Although the kids hid in the garden, we found them easily because they couldn’t help ______.
It will be great for the visitors ______ a trip to Lake Van.
Magdalena wishes she could find someone ______ her with the housework.
Betsy has promised ______ more attention to her health.
I sometimes regret ______ such a difficult job at such a low wage.
Jonathan’s father finally agreed ______ a gardener ______ after their garden.
James is looking forward ______ back to school because he has missed his friends a lot.
Vicky would prefer her parents ______ her what ______ hard times.
Jackson is proud of ______ to the competition.
Betül kept ______ evening classes because he was really keen on ______ ballroom dances.
The Arthur Miller Society’s primary aim is ______ the youth on Arthur Miller and his work.
Cedric would rather ______ two hours travelling to work than ______ house.
If Amanda hadn’t failed ______ a job, she wouldn’t be talking about ______ to her hometown now.
June doesn’t mind ______ questions about her private life.
William needs ______ to the office in half an hour, so he will get his sister ______ him there.
If Nancy weren’t busy ______, I would ask her ______ me some coffee.
Who persuaded Hannelore ______ a doctor although she was reluctant ______ so?
You seem ______ a considerable amount of weight since I last saw you.
Sheila doesn’t have a right ______ Kevin’s ______ to graduate from high school.
The company forced the employees ______ on Saturdays and threatened ______ them.
Little Elby begged her mother ______ her ______ some more cake.
Douglas is worried about his son’s ______ to Manchester by car because they are too inexperienced ______ such a long way.
You should remember ______ to Arthur for ______ his time.
It took me a week ______ Pamela ______ Debra’s offer.
Dolores spent hours ______ the manual and learned how ______ emails from her new mobile phone.
Don’t be afraid ______ me if there is anything you don’t understand in the book.
Karma Test 2
Aşağıdaki sorularda boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen seçeneği işaretleyiniz.
It was so nice ______ to you. I’d love ______ you more often.
Mr Lambert went on ______ the fifth item on the agenda.
Most of the fans came close to the stage ______ their favourite band better.
Edward says he vaguely remembers ______ to sign a document.
You are not allowed ______ photos in the museum.
I can’t risk ______ Larry’s friendship, so I don’t want you ______ anything to him.
The house needs ______ before we move in next month.
Sandra says she will never forget ______ to Nepal last summer.
Melody never carried much money after ______.
Nevin and Ebru had a good time ______ backgammon after work yesterday.
I am considering ______ to the countryside as soon as I get retired.
I dislike ______ students ______ with too much homework.
I don’t think it was very creative of you ______ and ______ most of the web page.
Ceren says she’d rather ______ the sunset than ______ the others at the disco.
The microwave isn’t worth ______ because it would cost less ______ a new one.
The little girl refused ______ the candy, saying she had been told ______ things from strangers.
Mary deserves ______ this year.
The number of shades of colour ______ by the human eye is not less than a million.
Trainspotting is the act of ______ information on trains.
The small boat ______ out to sea seems ______ empty.
If you agree ______ with us, it will mean ______ at least five reports a day.
When ______ a bath, the baby sleeps longer than usual.
______ about cultural differences, the children enjoyed ______ a foreign country.
What was meant ______ a friendly joke caused Will and Ian ______ a big argument.
New York, ______ in the 17th century, rapidly grew ______ a major city.
Most visitors can’t help ______ the landscape ______ by high mountains and lakes.
Betty now regrets not ______ the house while interest rates were low.
______ along the road with me, grandpa often stopped ______ with a villager.
The archaeologists ______ the excavation found strange Neolithic tools.
There is no point in ______ up a language course if you aren’t determined ______ all classes.
Karma Test 3
Aşağıdaki sorularda boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen seçeneği işaretleyiniz.
If you want to get ______, you should try ______ to classical music.
We couldn’t persuade my grandmother ______ in hospital, so we hired a nurse ______ after her.
______ tired of studying, Berrin needed a good holiday.
Traditional diets have taught us ______ weight by ______ our food intake.
You appear ______ a lot of money on technology these days.
Patty expressed her wish ______ the documents ______ by the department head.
While ______ to the news bulletin, I heard about the discovery.
She isn’t used ______ such long distances, so she has stopped ______ a breath.
Why they object ______ him a second chance is one matter ______.
If Barry promises not ______ again, Natalie will forgive him for not ______ the truth.
The baby ______ near the garbage bags was fed at the police station.
How long did it take you ______ the 3,400-piece puzzle?
Why does she spend time ______ about the email ______ to her last week?
Parents should prevent their children from ______ computer games for long hours.
The scientists ______ the effects of global warming predicted drought.
______ the warnings, Titanic hit an iceberg.
Why didn’t you consider ______ an expert before ______ a new flat?
I found a kitten ______ in the park and took it to a vet to have it ______.
I still can’t decide where ______ on holiday.
______ by a lot of people, the book looked very old.
Carmen now regrets ______ her summer house ______ a trendy car.
It is no use ______ the flowers as they are dead.
One of the best ways ______ your writing is ______ a lot.
I haven’t got enough patience ______ to her complaints.
The criminal denied ______ the businessman although there was evidence.
The old lady ______ next door looks forward to ______.
______ to the family budget, my cousin decided ______ as a part-time waitress.
In addition to ______ children’s stories, Daniel works as an interpreter.
I feel like ______ barefoot on the sand.
My secretary left the office, ______ that she had some stuff to deal with.
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